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Legal experts said the verdict was a boost for the wider branded drugs industry and could force the European Commission to rethink its attempts to enforce a single market in medicines.
"This opens the door for pharmaceutical companies to claim that restrictions on parallel trade are justified," Gavin Robert, a partner at London law firm Linklaters, told Reuters.
"As a result, it is likely to be welcomed by many pharmaceutical companies as a step in the right direction."
The European Court of First Instance said the Commission's main conclusion -- that the aim of sales conditions imposed by Glaxo on the wholesalers was to restrict competition -- was incorrect.
"It cannot be presumed that parallel trade tends to reduce prices," the European Court of First Instance said in a statement.
"However, the court considers that GSK has not succeeded in invalidating the Commission's subsidiary conclusion that the general sales conditions have as their effect the restriction of competition," the EU's second-highest court said.